〜ずに
- Pattern
- 〜ずに
- Level
- N4
- Reading
- 〜ずに
- Meaning
- without doing (formal alternative to 〜ないで)
- Attaches to
- Verb (ない-stem / replace ない with ずに. する becomes せずに)
- Nuance & register
More written and formal than 〜ないで. Commonly used in literature and formal speech.
- Example
昨日は辞書を使わずに日本語の小説を読みました。 Yesterday, I read a Japanese novel without using a dictionary.
- Easily confused with
〜ないで