Grammar Points
JLPT grammar patterns N5 to N1 — how each one attaches, what it means, and a worked example.
- 〜に伴う — N3 — accompanying, associated with
- 〜っぽく — N3 — ish, like, -ly
- 〜ずくめ — N2 — completely, nothing but
- 〜げに — N2 — seeming, appearing to (adverbial)
- 〜がたいものがある — N2 — there is a sense of difficulty in...
- 〜ぶる — N2 — to act like, to pretend to be
- 〜ものの — N3 — Although; though; despite
- 〜か〜ないかのうちに — N1 — Just as; no sooner than
- 〜いかんだ — N1 — Depends on; is decided by
- 〜かのごとく — N1 — As if; as though
- 〜にしたところで — N1 — Even if; even with
- 〜といったらない — N1 — Extremely; exceedingly; indescribably
- 〜をもって — N1 — By means of; with; as of
- 〜てやまない — N1 — Cannot help but feel/hope/etc.
- 〜のもとで — N3 — under (the guidance/influence of)
- 〜かのようだ — N2 — As if; as though
- 〜始末だ — N2 — Resulted in the bad situation of...
- 〜ただ〜のみ — N2 — Only, just.
- 〜きりだ — N3 — Only; since
- 〜つ〜れつ — N2 — Doing and undoing, back and forth.
- 〜てはかなわない — N2 — I can't stand it, it's unbearable.
- 〜といったら〜 — N2 — Speaking of X, it is so [extreme]!
- 〜にひきかえ — N2 — In contrast to X, Y is...
- 〜次第 — N2 — As soon as; upon
- 〜かのようだ / 〜かのごとく — N2 — As if; as though
- 〜かいがある / 〜がいがある — N2 — It's worth it; it pays off
- 〜かいもなく / 〜がいもなく — N2 — Despite all efforts; in vain
- 〜くらいなら / 〜ぐらいなら — N3 — If one has to do something undesirable, one might as well do something else
- 〜からには — N2 — Now that; since; because
- 〜からある / 〜からする / 〜からなる — N2 — Consisting of; originating from; costing
- 〜を限りに — N2 — ending with, starting from (the last time)
- 〜を皮切りにして — N2 — beginning with
- 〜を契機として — N2 — taking the cue of, as an opportunity for
- 〜をおいて — N2 — aside from, none other than
- 〜をかねて — N2 — simultaneously for, also serving as
- 〜を踏まえて — N2 — based on, taking into account
- 〜を皮切り — N2 — starting with (shortened form)
- 〜を機に — N2 — taking the opportunity of, taking advantage of
- 〜を前提に — N2 — on the premise of, assuming
- 〜を控えて — N2 — in preparation for / refraining from
- 〜を境に — N2 — with ... as a dividing line / marking a sharp change
- 〜をかわきりに — N2 — starting with
- 〜をぬきにして — N2 — without / leaving out
- 〜をふまえて — N2 — based on / taking into account
- 〜をめぐり — N2 — concerning / over (disputes)
- 〜をたてに — N2 — using as an excuse / pretext
- 〜だに — N1 — even, just (doing)
- 〜をいいことに — N2 — taking advantage of (a situation, usually negatively)
- 〜にかこつけて — N2 — Using X as a pretext/excuse to do Y.
- 〜の至り — N2 — The ultimate state of (used with words like 'shame', 'youth', 'joy').